Early detection matters
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that occurs during your reproductive years.1
It can lead to irregular or infrequent periods, longer cycles and higher levels of androgens. The ovaries may contain multiple small egg sacs that do not release eggs regularly, which can make it harder to become pregnant.1
PCOS can begin at any time after puberty and is often diagnosed in the 20s or 30s. The risk increases if you are overweight or have a family history of this condition. As symptoms can begin early and go unnoticed, early identification is important.2
Know the symptoms
Symptoms vary from person to person. Some individuals experience only a few symptoms, while others have several. Common signs include:2
- Irregular periods: You may miss periods, have very few periods, or not have them at all. Some women may also experience heavy or prolonged bleeding
- Excess hair growth: You may notice extra hair on your face, chest, abdomen or arms. This is very common and affects many women with PCOS
- Acne: Acne may continue beyond the teenage years and can sometimes be difficult to control
- Weight gain: Many women with PCOS may find it harder to maintain a healthy weight
- Darkened skin: Hormonal changes can cause darker, thicker patches of skin around the neck, under the arms, in the groin or under the breasts
- Skin tags: Small, soft pieces of extra skin may appear, usually on the neck or under the arms
- Thinning hair: Some women notice their hair becoming thinner or shedding more than usual from the scalp
Diagnosis
You will usually undergo a physical examination to look for signs and symptoms. To help make a diagnosis, your doctor may suggest:3
- A pelvic examination: To check your reproductive organs for any abnormalities
- Blood tests: To check your hormone levels and rule out other possible causes of irregular periods
- An ultrasound scan: To look at your ovaries and the lining of your womb
Treatment
Several treatment options are available to help manage PCOS symptoms and protect your long-term health. Some of these include:2
- Hormonal contraception: Options such as the pill, patch, injection, vaginal ring or coil (intrauterine device [IUD]) can help regulate your periods. These may also improve acne and reduce excess hair growth.
- Medication to improve insulin (hormone) levels: Metformin, a medicine commonly used for diabetes, helps your body use insulin more effectively and may make your periods more regular
- Medication to reduce the effects of male hormones (androgens): Certain medicines can help reduce acne and unwanted hair growth by blocking the effects of these hormones
- Lifestyle changes: Eating a balanced diet and working towards a healthy weight can have a positive impact on hormone balance and insulin levels
Early diagnosis of PCOS helps you stay one step ahead of your symptoms. With appropriate support, you can protect your fertility, lower future health risks and take control of your wellbeing.
References:
PCOS. Diagnosis. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20353443/. Accessed on: 12February 2026.
Polycystic ovary syndrome. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pcos/symptoms-causes/syc-20353439/. Accessed on: 12 February 2026.
Polycystic ovary syndrome. Available from: https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8316-polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos/. Accessed on: 12 February 2026.