Diabetes mellitus is a condition caused by insulin-related issues, where glucose cannot enter the cells and remains in the bloodstream, leading to increased blood sugar levels. Over time, this can cause serious health problems like heart disease, vision issues, and kidney disease.

Managing diabetes during pregnancy is crucial for both the mother’s and baby’s health, as unstable blood sugar levels can lead to complications. Women with poorly controlled diabetes are at a higher risk of birth defects, high blood pressure, excessive amniotic fluid, and macrosomia (overly large fetus).

Close monitoring of blood sugar levels, following a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and taking medications as prescribed by healthcare professionals are essential during pregnancy. Blood sugar should ideally be maintained within specific target ranges to minimize risks.

Insulin is the preferred medication for blood sugar control during pregnancy, and adjustments may be necessary as insulin needs increase due to hormonal changes. For women with gestational diabetes, meal planning and exercise can often help regulate blood sugar levels.

A well-balanced and nutritious diet is crucial, focusing on quality rather than quantity of food. Increasing calorie intake by approximately 300 calories per day is usually sufficient. Including a variety of foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, fish, and low-fat dairy products is recommended.

Physical activity is also important for managing diabetes, and exercise plans should be discussed with healthcare providers. It is generally safe to engage in low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or low-impact aerobics during pregnancy, but certain conditions may require individualized guidance.

Strenuous exercises and activities with a risk of falling or abdominal injury should be avoided. By closely following a proper diet, exercise routine, and medical recommendations, women with diabetes can have a healthy pregnancy and minimize potential complications for themselves and their babies.^19,20